Red Star Ruby (Sunrise) and blond qualities of Jaffa grapefruits and their influence on plasma lipid levels and plasma antioxidant activity in rats fed with cholesterol-containing and cholesterol-free diets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on antioxidant activity of different polar extracts from Rio Red and Sour oranges. However, comprehensive studies need to be conducted to ascertain the in vivo bioavailability, safety and efficacy of such extracts in experimental animals. The data obtained using above in vitro models clearly establish the antioxidant potential of citrus fruit extracts. Moreover, methanol:water (80:20) extract of Rio Red and methanol extract of Sour orange exhibited marked reducing power in potassium ferricyanide reduction method. All the extracts showed variable superoxide radical scavenging activity. In addition, superoxide radical scavenging activity was assayed using non-enzymatic (NADH/phenaxine methosulfate) superoxide generating system. All citrus fractions showed good antioxidant capacity by the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex at 200 ppm. The methanol:water (80:20) fraction of Rio Red showed the highest radical scavenging activity 42.5%, 77.8% and 92.1% at 250, 5 ppm, respectively, while methanol:water (80:20) fraction of Sour orange showed the lowest radical scavenging activity at all the tested concentrations. The dried fractions were screened for their antioxidant activity potential using in vitro model systems such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), phosphomolybdenum method and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction at different concentrations. Ethyl acetate extract of Rio Red and Sour orange was found to contain maximum phenolics. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Jayaprakasha, G K Girennavar, Basavaraj Patil, Bhimanagouda SĪntioxidant fractions from two different citrus species such as Rio Red (Citrus paradise Macf.) and Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) were extracted with five different polar solvents using Soxhlet type extractor. Radical scavenging activities of Rio Red grapefruits and Sour orange fruit extracts in different in vitro model systems. Levels of furocoumarins were more in cartons container than the cans and cardboard container juices. The levels of furocoumarins showed a decreasing trend in all the juices with progress of storage. Hand squeezed juice contained 1.98, 1.06 and 3.03-fold more DHB, paradisin A and bergamottin, respectively as compared to processed juice. The highest level of paradisin A was found in Rio Red grapefruit grown in California and the lowest levels were observed in Rio Red grapefruit grown organically in Texas. Among the varieties the highest levels of DHB (2.266μg/ml) and bergamottin (2.411μg/ml) were found in Flame grapefruit grown in Florida. Influence of growing location, processing and storage on the levels of these compounds were also evaluated. The levels of DHB and bergamottin in both varieties of grapefruits decreased as the season progressed except for the bergamottin in Marsh White grapefruit. The changes in the levels of three furocoumarins such as dihydroxybergamottin (DHB), paradisin A and bergamottin in Rio Red and Marsh White cultivars of grapefruits were monitored from November to May. Girennavar, B Jayaprakasha, G K Patil, Bhimanagouda S Influence of pre- and post-harvest factors and processing on the levels of furocoumarins in grapefruits (Citrus paradisi Macfed.).
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